שבו איש תחתיו אל יצא איש ממקומו
בספר שמות פרשת בשלח (פרק ט"ז) מובא הפסוק:
"רְאוּ כִּי ה' נָתַן לָכֶם הַשַּׁבָּת עַל כֵּן הוּא נתֵן לָכֶם בַּיּוֹם הַשִּׁשִּׁי לֶחֶם יוֹמָיִם שְׁבוּ אִישׁ תַּחְתָּיו אַל יֵצֵא אִישׁ מִמְּקמוֹ בַּיּוֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִי."
ובילקוט שמעוני פרשת בשלח רמז רסא
"שבו איש תחתיו אלו ד' אמות, אל יצא איש ממקומו ביום השביעי אלו אלפים אמה "
ומכאן נגזרו ההלכות של תחום שבת המגבילות את האדם שלא יצא מעבר לתחום מוגדר ביום השבת. גם כאשר האדם נמצא מחוץ לתחום הוא מוגבל ופעולותיו מצטמצמות למרחב המוגדר רשות היחיד – ארבע אמות.
הרב ליכטנשטיין מנסה לעמוד על משמעותה של מצווה זאת:
לכאורה, נוגדת היא את המחשבה הטבעית. מטבעו של עולם, כל ימות השבוע אדם משועבד לעבודתו ולביתו.והיה מקום לצפות שמשניתן לו יום אחד של מנוחה ופנאי, בו חופשי הוא לעשות כרצונו, יצא מביתו, ילך לו לטייל ואל יישאר כבול למקום אחד, כלוא בתוך גבולות ותחומים, וכי ראויה היא הגבלת תחומין ליום זה?
לדעתו, אכן, התורה מלמדת אותנו כי האדם נתון בימי חייו למגבלות הזמן והמקום.
הזמן מסמל את הדינמיות, התנועה, ואילו המקום מסמל את הסטטיות, היציבות.
שני תחומים אלה פועלים ומפעילים את חיי האדם. מחד גיסא, נשטף הוא בזרם הזמן והפעולה, נסחף עם פרץ ההתקדמות,ההתפשטות וההתרחבות. מאידך גיסא, מבקש הוא "למצוא את מקומו". לא במובן של חוסר פעילות, של "שב ואל תעשה", אלא במובן של פעילות ויצירה שמטרתן "מציאת מקום", התבססות וקביעות. חובתו של אדם מישראל היא שימצא לו "מקום" משלו, בו יכה את שורשיו, בו יבנה את בניינו-שלו, בניין בעל יסודות איתנים. רק אז, יוכל גם להתפשט ולהתרחב. אם כל ימיו יהא נע ונד, יגלה לבסוף כי יצור תלוש הוא, שמרוב שוטטות בכל המקומות אין לו ולו מקום אחד.
לא אחת מבקש אדם, שטרם "מצא את מקומו" בחיים להיסחף עם הזרם השוטף. כביכול, שם מוצא הוא שטח פעילות מן המוכן, קרקע פורייה. האמת היא, כמובן, אחרת. השוטטות אינה ערובה לכולם, וחובתו של האדם היא לדאוג לביסוס מקומו בחיים. לא חוסר מעש, אלא אדרבה, עשייה מרובה, בנייה כל העת. קיומה של חובה זו, של מציאת האדם את "מקומו", נעשית ביום השבת. אדם מישראל חייב לבנות לו "מקום" דווקא באותה שעה בה העולם כולו משופע בקדושת השבת ומושפע הימנה.
זוהי חובת השבת: "שבו איש תחתיו!", שכל אחד ואחד ישבות במקומו-שלו, ולא יזוז ממנו עד שיבססו ויעמידהו על קרקע בטוחה.
מתוך דברי הרב, משתמע שלכל אדם יש מקום מיוחד משלו במילוי חובת האדם בעולמו. האם גישה זאת מובילה לתפיסת עולם המכוונת ל"הגשמה עצמית" ומבטלת גישה הדוגלת בערכים חברתיים?
בתחילת ספר במדבר מתואר סידור מחנה ישראל לקראת מסעם אל תוך המדבר. בתוך כך מתוארת החלוקה לשבטים ולדגלים:
וַיְדַבֵּר ד' אֶל משֶׁה וְאֶל אַהֲרן לֵאמר: אִישׁ עַל דִּגְלוֹ בְאתת לְבֵית אֲבתָם יַחֲנוּ בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל מִנֶּגֶד סָבִיב לְאהֶל מוֹעֵד יַחֲנוּ:
החלוקה לדגלים, כך מסתבר, איננה רק חלוקה טכנית הקובעת את מקומו של כל שבט ושבט בתוך מחנה מסוים - יהודה, ראובן, אפרים או דן - כי אם גם סימבולית. הדגל הוא סמלו של אותו השבט, הסמל מתנוסס עליו ומעיד על אופיו ומהותו של השבט.
כך לדעת בעל ה"מאור ושמש" הדגלים מסמלים את הגבול והאפיון של כל אחד, שבתוכו ובקרבו צריך האדם להישאר וממנו לשאוף אל ד' יתברך ואל גילויו בקרבו. האדם צריך לדעת את מקומו הן אל מול החברה והן אל מול אלוהיו ועל בסיס זה לפעול תוך הימנעות מפעילות שאיננה מאפיינת את מצבו ותכונתו המיוחדת. גישה זאת מניחה שיש מטרה משותפת שאותה יש להשיג על ידי הפעלת כוחות שונים כאשר כל אחד צריך לתת את המיטב במסגרת התפקיד שלו מבלי לפרוץ לתפקידם של האחרים. הרב אלדר מדמה זאת לנגן המצלתיים בקונצרט היודע כי במהלך ערב שלם פעמיים או שלש בלבד הוא יכה במצלתיים כף אל כף, אולם משעה שלנגד עיניו ניצבת המנגינה וההרמוניה, ולא יוקרתו האישית, הרי הוא שלם ושמח בתפקידו שניתן לו והוא איננו מבקש לפרוץ ולהרחיב את גבולותיו של תפקיד זה. הכרה זו של תפיסת הכלל, היא המגשרת בין הדגלים המפרידים לבין האחדות הכוללת. המחנאות והדגלים, אכן מפרידים ומבודדים את מחנה ישראל לקבוצות קטנות, אולם כשהדגל מכוון כלפי המרכז, ומשעה שמטרה עליונה ניצבת ומרחפת ממעל לכל הדגלים, והדגלים כולם הם המרכבה והם האמצעי לשאת ולרומם את המטרה העליונה - את המשכן הניצב במרכזו של המחנה - הרי שהריבוי הופך לאחדות, והפירוד הופך לגיוון. ואין סתירה בין פיתוח המודעות האישית לבין טובת הכלל כל זמן שקיימת מטרה משותפת שאליה כולם מכוונים.
אך עדיין אנו נשארים עם הרושם ש"שְׁבוּ אִישׁ תַּחְתָּיו אַל יֵצֵא אִישׁ מִמְּקמוֹ בַּיּוֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִי." נותן כיוון פעולה של "התכנסות".
אם אנו מניחים שהאדם נע בין שני קטבים:
• הקוטב האחד נעוץ בטבע המציאות – ההגבלה. כל חיינו אנו כבולים במגבלות המציאות, אנו פועלים בתוכם ואין לנו יכולת לפרוץ מעבר לגבולות הטבע הסובב אותנו.
• הקוטב האחר טבוע בתוכנו – הרצון לגעת באין סוף, לחוש את הנצח, לפרוץ את המגבלות.
האם הציווי הנ"ל מעדיף את הקוטב האחד על פני רעהו? האם משמעות הציווי היא שעלינו לזכור את מגבלותינו ולרסן את שאיפותינו?
"כל המברך על כוס מלא - נותנין לו נחלה בלי מצרים, שנאמר(דברים ל"ג) ומלא ברכת ה' ים ודרום ירשה. רבי יוסי בר חנינא אומר: זוכה ונוחל שני עולמים, העולם הזה והעולם הבא." (ברכות דף נא עמוד א)
על פי הגמרא, יש למלא כוס יין של קידוש (ברכה) עד הסוף. הרב קוק (עין איה) מרחיב הוראה זאת למישור רעיוני:
בד"כ לא ראוי לאהוב את הרחבת החיים ויש להסתפק במועט. כל זה נכון כאשר תכלית הרחבת החיים היא להוסיף עושר והנאות אישיות. לא כך הדברים כאשר הרצון להרחבת החיים נובע מתוך כוונה לעשות הישר והטוב. אז אין מקום לרסן דחף בסיסי זה.
כך הכוס המלאה מסמלת את הרצון להרחיב את החיים, כאשר מדובר בכוס של ברכה – במובן של הרחבת חיים למען הוספת הישר והטוב אזי אין מקום לריסון, להפך, יש מקום להוסיף נחלה בלי מצרים ואז גם העוה"ז ראוי להרחבה ואכן זוכים לשני העולמות.
העולה מכל האמור לעייל הוא שהאדם צריך להיות מסוגל להתבונן אל תוכו, לשמוע את עצמו גם בתוך ה"רעש" הנמצא בשטף החיים. כך יוכל למצא את מקומו, לראות ולהתקדם אל המטרה המשותפת שאליה האדם והחברה צריכים לכוון, כך יוכל "למלא כוס של ברכה" ולהרחיב פעילותו. הכרה זאת מפנימים בשבת "שְׁבוּ אִישׁ תַּחְתָּיו אַל יֵצֵא אִישׁ מִמְּקמוֹ בַּיּוֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִי."
ויקוים בנו "כל המענג את השבת נותנין לו נחלה בלי מצרים, שנאמר (ישעיהו נח) אז תתענג על ה' והרכבתיך על במתי ארץ והאכלתיך".(שבת דף קי"ח עמוד א)
Saturday, December 29, 2007
שמות-the book of names
Parshat שמות opens the second book of the Torah, which is aptly named ספר שמות (all five books are named after its respective opening פרשה). The name assigned to the second book is seemingly irrelevant to its content. What does 'names' have to do with Hashem's revelation to Moses in the burning bush, the ten plagues, the redemption of Bnei Yisrael from Egypt, the parting of the Red sea, the ten commandments and the erection of the משכן? The first translation of the bible, the Greek LLX, named the book after the departure of Israel from Egypt (Exodus). In the language of חז"ל the book is named ספר הגאולה (the book of Redemption).
In addition to the seemingly mismatched name, the opening pesukim of ספר שמות seem to be redundant. Why go over the names of Yaakov's children when we just listed them a few chapters ago? The Mefarshim attempt to solve the repetitive nature of the first pesukim in various ways.
But there is a difference between the listing of the names in ספר בראשית and the listing in פרשת שמות. The members of Yaakov Avinu's family listed in ספר בראשית were a handful of individual family members. Now, בני ישראל have grown in size and number many thousands of people. They can no longer be listed as individual names. They have also grown as a people. The melting pot of Egypt had forged them into a nation of people with common names, language and dress.
Rav Shimshon Refael Hirsch explains that indeed the names of the people in ספר בראשית and in פרשת שמות are the same. But the emphasis here is on the words: את יעקב איש וביתו. Now, as they have multiplied into a large nation, there are many families in Bnei Yisrael. But they are all centered around the legacy of Yaakov, never forgetting their roots. From father to son to grandson and so on, the torch is passed. That is the guiding principle that has made our nation into what it is to this very day.
In addition to the seemingly mismatched name, the opening pesukim of ספר שמות seem to be redundant. Why go over the names of Yaakov's children when we just listed them a few chapters ago? The Mefarshim attempt to solve the repetitive nature of the first pesukim in various ways.
But there is a difference between the listing of the names in ספר בראשית and the listing in פרשת שמות. The members of Yaakov Avinu's family listed in ספר בראשית were a handful of individual family members. Now, בני ישראל have grown in size and number many thousands of people. They can no longer be listed as individual names. They have also grown as a people. The melting pot of Egypt had forged them into a nation of people with common names, language and dress.
Rav Shimshon Refael Hirsch explains that indeed the names of the people in ספר בראשית and in פרשת שמות are the same. But the emphasis here is on the words: את יעקב איש וביתו. Now, as they have multiplied into a large nation, there are many families in Bnei Yisrael. But they are all centered around the legacy of Yaakov, never forgetting their roots. From father to son to grandson and so on, the torch is passed. That is the guiding principle that has made our nation into what it is to this very day.
Saturday, December 22, 2007
ויחי-Yaakov's Legacy
I would like to dedicate this entry in memory of my friend Yaakov Gantz who passed away on Sunday ו' בטבת תשס"ח at the age of 58. In the הספד given by his son, Ben Gantz mentioned that one of the traits of Yaakov Avinu was truthfulness (as written in Tehilim תתן אמת ליעקב). Yaakov Avinu's namesake, Yaakov Gantz ז'ל, shared this trait. He was guided by a fierce dedication to his inner truth as he saw it, and refused to compromise that truth in any way. This extended to an extreme love for Torah, Eretz Yisrael and Am Yisrael.
In another הספד, Rav David Horden mentioned that is ironic that in the Parsha named ויחי (from the root of word 'Life'), we read about Yaakov Avinu's death, the preparations for his funeral, and his burial in Ma'arat Hamachpela in Hevron. Of course many of the Mefarshim state that while Yaakov Avinu's life had ended, his legacy would go on to live forever. Indeed, Yaakov Avinu's parting words to his sons spoke of this legacy. While Rashi comments that Yaakov wanted to reveal how this world is to end (בקש לגלות את הקץ ונסתם ממנו), the Ramban states that Yaakov did reveal the world's ending in his Bracha to Yehuda--an ending that culminates with the arrival of the Meshiach (עד כי יבוא שילה ולו יקהת עמים).
Speaking between Mincha and Arvit on one of the days of the Shiva, Harav Adas mentioned that the fast of עשרה בטבת will always fall on the week in which we read Parshat ויחי. And that on this day our fortunes took a huge turn for the worst and the serious troubles for Am Yisrael began. It is such a sad day, that it is the only fast day besides Yom Kippur that overrides Shabbat. And that if עשרה בטבת would fall on Shabbat, we would have to fast. This is learned from the book of Yechezkel 24:1 in the prophet's mention of the fast (בעצם היום הזה - on this very day).
In another insight offered by Rav Adas on the Parsha: when Yaakov Avinu is getting ready to bless Yoseph's sons in Bereishit 48:8 he asks Yoseph "who are they" (וירא ישראל את בני יוסף ויאמר מי אלה). Rashi comments that Yaakov experienced a temporary lapse in his נבואה when he saw the evil descendants to emerge from Efraim and Menashe. בני stands for ירבעם בן נבט. Yoseph's response was no Dad, you have it all wrong: בני stands for יהושע בן נון.
In another הספד, Rav David Horden mentioned that is ironic that in the Parsha named ויחי (from the root of word 'Life'), we read about Yaakov Avinu's death, the preparations for his funeral, and his burial in Ma'arat Hamachpela in Hevron. Of course many of the Mefarshim state that while Yaakov Avinu's life had ended, his legacy would go on to live forever. Indeed, Yaakov Avinu's parting words to his sons spoke of this legacy. While Rashi comments that Yaakov wanted to reveal how this world is to end (בקש לגלות את הקץ ונסתם ממנו), the Ramban states that Yaakov did reveal the world's ending in his Bracha to Yehuda--an ending that culminates with the arrival of the Meshiach (עד כי יבוא שילה ולו יקהת עמים).
Speaking between Mincha and Arvit on one of the days of the Shiva, Harav Adas mentioned that the fast of עשרה בטבת will always fall on the week in which we read Parshat ויחי. And that on this day our fortunes took a huge turn for the worst and the serious troubles for Am Yisrael began. It is such a sad day, that it is the only fast day besides Yom Kippur that overrides Shabbat. And that if עשרה בטבת would fall on Shabbat, we would have to fast. This is learned from the book of Yechezkel 24:1 in the prophet's mention of the fast (בעצם היום הזה - on this very day).
In another insight offered by Rav Adas on the Parsha: when Yaakov Avinu is getting ready to bless Yoseph's sons in Bereishit 48:8 he asks Yoseph "who are they" (וירא ישראל את בני יוסף ויאמר מי אלה). Rashi comments that Yaakov experienced a temporary lapse in his נבואה when he saw the evil descendants to emerge from Efraim and Menashe. בני stands for ירבעם בן נבט. Yoseph's response was no Dad, you have it all wrong: בני stands for יהושע בן נון.
Thursday, December 6, 2007
מקץ-Yosef's Dream Come True
In Parshat וישב Yaakov sent Yosef on a mission: make peace with your brothers. The brothers' hatred of Yosef was so intense that they wanted to kill him. And even though Yaakov recognized in his heart that Yosef's dreams were true and that Yosef would eventually rule his brothers (see Rashi's commentary on ואביו שמר את הדבר), he still wanted to dissolve the hatred in his household. Yosef was intent on fulfilling his mission. When he met the mystery man in שכם, his statement את אחי אנכי מבקש indicated his longing for brotherly love. His brothers, on the other hand, distanced themselves from his love (see Rashi's commentary on the mystery man's response: נסעו מזה).
But despite the plans made by Yaakov and Yosef, and despite those made by his brothers, the entire saga which unfolds in this and last week's Parshot were divined by Hashem in intricate detail. Rashi uses the seemingly erroneous Pasuk וישלחהו מעמק חברון in last week's Parsha to prove that the story actually started with Hashem's promise to Avraham in ברית בין הבתרים. The Ramban contends that the seemingly random meeting with the incognito mystery man Gabriel proves that all of man's plans are futile once Hashem has decided how things will end up.
But Yosef did not give up on his mission, even years later when he was the number 2 man in the Egyptian kingdom. That is why, according to many of the Mefarshim, he subjected his brothers to all of the travails described in this week's Parsha. By planting the cup in Benjamin's backpack and threatening his incarceration, Yosef was testing his brothers to see if they repented from their sin of selling Yosef. And by bringing his entire family to Egypt, including his own father, Yosef wanted to make sure that his dreams came true.
But despite the plans made by Yaakov and Yosef, and despite those made by his brothers, the entire saga which unfolds in this and last week's Parshot were divined by Hashem in intricate detail. Rashi uses the seemingly erroneous Pasuk וישלחהו מעמק חברון in last week's Parsha to prove that the story actually started with Hashem's promise to Avraham in ברית בין הבתרים. The Ramban contends that the seemingly random meeting with the incognito mystery man Gabriel proves that all of man's plans are futile once Hashem has decided how things will end up.
But Yosef did not give up on his mission, even years later when he was the number 2 man in the Egyptian kingdom. That is why, according to many of the Mefarshim, he subjected his brothers to all of the travails described in this week's Parsha. By planting the cup in Benjamin's backpack and threatening his incarceration, Yosef was testing his brothers to see if they repented from their sin of selling Yosef. And by bringing his entire family to Egypt, including his own father, Yosef wanted to make sure that his dreams came true.
Monday, December 3, 2007
וישב-The bottomless pit
Parshat וישב provides us each year with a connection to Chanukah, which is timely indeed since we always read the Parsha at Chanukah time. The connection may be obscure and indirect, but it nevertheless exists.
The halachot regarding Chanukah are concentrated in the Gemara in Perek במה מדליקים in Masechet Shabbat. The chapter discussing the halachot of Shabbat candles is the logical place in the Gemara for hilchot Chanukah, since the festival of lights revolves around candles itself. One of the Amoraim quoted in the Gemara on page 22B, Rav Nathan bar Manyumi in the name of Rav Tanchum, states that a Menorah placed at a great height exceeding 20 Amot is not Kosher, since the human eye can not see that far and therefore the principle of פרסומי ניסא (advertising the Chanukah miracle, which is the main reason for lighting the Chanukah candles) does not exist.
The Gemara then brings a second statement by the same Amora which is unrelated to Chanukah. It is this statement that connects Parshat וישב with Chanukah. The statement by Rav Nathan bar Manyumi in the name of Rav Tanchum which is quoted by Rashi and is well known to any junior Yeshiva student: "Why is it written והבור ריק אין בו מים? From the meaning of the statement that the pit was empty, do I not know that it had no water? But what do I learn? Water was not in the pit, but snakes and scorpions were!"
At first glance, the connection between Chanukah and the Parsha is purely circumstantial. The Gemara is known to bunch together statements by an Amora even if they are seemingly unrelated. But perhaps if we look closer there is another, more significant connection.
Yosef's brothers, after hearing Reuven plead with them not to kill him, decided to throw him in a pit while they decide what to do with him. One must assume that they would not have thrown him into a pit filled with snakes had they known that to be a fact. Certainly, throwing a person into a pit with snakes would result in death or at least in serious injury. Indeed, some of the Mefarshim state that the fact that Yosef remained unharmed in the pit was a miracle. One can assume that the pit was so deep, that they could not see the snakes and scorpions at the bottom. Looking at it in this context, the connection between Rav Nathan bar Manyumi's two statements is apparent. Just as a Menorah placed at a height of 20 Amot or more can not be seen by the human eye, the bottom of a deep pit can not be seen either since it is too low.
The halachot regarding Chanukah are concentrated in the Gemara in Perek במה מדליקים in Masechet Shabbat. The chapter discussing the halachot of Shabbat candles is the logical place in the Gemara for hilchot Chanukah, since the festival of lights revolves around candles itself. One of the Amoraim quoted in the Gemara on page 22B, Rav Nathan bar Manyumi in the name of Rav Tanchum, states that a Menorah placed at a great height exceeding 20 Amot is not Kosher, since the human eye can not see that far and therefore the principle of פרסומי ניסא (advertising the Chanukah miracle, which is the main reason for lighting the Chanukah candles) does not exist.
The Gemara then brings a second statement by the same Amora which is unrelated to Chanukah. It is this statement that connects Parshat וישב with Chanukah. The statement by Rav Nathan bar Manyumi in the name of Rav Tanchum which is quoted by Rashi and is well known to any junior Yeshiva student: "Why is it written והבור ריק אין בו מים? From the meaning of the statement that the pit was empty, do I not know that it had no water? But what do I learn? Water was not in the pit, but snakes and scorpions were!"
At first glance, the connection between Chanukah and the Parsha is purely circumstantial. The Gemara is known to bunch together statements by an Amora even if they are seemingly unrelated. But perhaps if we look closer there is another, more significant connection.
Yosef's brothers, after hearing Reuven plead with them not to kill him, decided to throw him in a pit while they decide what to do with him. One must assume that they would not have thrown him into a pit filled with snakes had they known that to be a fact. Certainly, throwing a person into a pit with snakes would result in death or at least in serious injury. Indeed, some of the Mefarshim state that the fact that Yosef remained unharmed in the pit was a miracle. One can assume that the pit was so deep, that they could not see the snakes and scorpions at the bottom. Looking at it in this context, the connection between Rav Nathan bar Manyumi's two statements is apparent. Just as a Menorah placed at a height of 20 Amot or more can not be seen by the human eye, the bottom of a deep pit can not be seen either since it is too low.
Thursday, November 22, 2007
וישלח-Yaakov Dances with the Devil
At the start of the Parsha, Yaakov is preparing himself and his family for the reunion with Esav, 20 years after he escaped his parent's home and Esav's wrath. Yaakov is afraid of the ramifications of this reunion, and is terrified once he learns that Esav is coming to greet him with an Army of 400 men.
According to Rav SR Hirsch, the root of the word ויצר is not צור or צרר, which are the Hebrew words commonly used to described sadness (as in Tsarot or Tsuris). ויצר, per Hirsch is from the root of the word "shape" (צורה) or "narrow" (צר). Yaakov felt his entire world closing in and that he was entirely at the mercy of Esav. That Esav had the power to "shape" Yaakov and his family into whatever form he wished, much like a craftsman shapes the material into whatever design he chooses. Yaakov's action of splitting his camp into two parts for preservation purposes set a precedent which the Jews followed throughout history. The Jewish people, per Hirsch, were able to survive the ravages of history since we were always dispersed. So when Jews were being killed in the West, the Jews in the East prospered.
As Yaakov is moving his camp into place for the reunion with Esav, he is left alone while he checks to see if any small items remain. Yaakov Avinu made his money the hard way and according to the Mefarshim was not going to leave anything behind, even the smallest item. The angel who wrestles with Yaakov, according to Rashi and some of the other Mefarshim, was none other than Satan (aka the angel of death, aka the Yetzer Hara).
According to the Kli Yakar, the Yetzer Hara felt that the opportunity was ripe to try and seduce Yaakov into doubting his beliefs in Hashem. Why was the opportunity ripe? Yaakov's love of money. Torah and money, per the Kli Yakar are diametrically opposed values and since Yaakov went out of his way to collect sundry items from the old camp, the Satan felt that now was the time to act. But Yaakov's belief in Hashem was too strong and the Satan gave up. But not one to give up easily, the Satan touched the socket of Yaakov's thigh (כף הירך) which is a hidden part of the body. This signifies that the Satan wanted to block Yaakov's access to the hidden parts of the Torah which can only be revealed to a privileged few.
According to Rav SR Hirsch, the root of the word ויצר is not צור or צרר, which are the Hebrew words commonly used to described sadness (as in Tsarot or Tsuris). ויצר, per Hirsch is from the root of the word "shape" (צורה) or "narrow" (צר). Yaakov felt his entire world closing in and that he was entirely at the mercy of Esav. That Esav had the power to "shape" Yaakov and his family into whatever form he wished, much like a craftsman shapes the material into whatever design he chooses. Yaakov's action of splitting his camp into two parts for preservation purposes set a precedent which the Jews followed throughout history. The Jewish people, per Hirsch, were able to survive the ravages of history since we were always dispersed. So when Jews were being killed in the West, the Jews in the East prospered.
As Yaakov is moving his camp into place for the reunion with Esav, he is left alone while he checks to see if any small items remain. Yaakov Avinu made his money the hard way and according to the Mefarshim was not going to leave anything behind, even the smallest item. The angel who wrestles with Yaakov, according to Rashi and some of the other Mefarshim, was none other than Satan (aka the angel of death, aka the Yetzer Hara).
According to the Kli Yakar, the Yetzer Hara felt that the opportunity was ripe to try and seduce Yaakov into doubting his beliefs in Hashem. Why was the opportunity ripe? Yaakov's love of money. Torah and money, per the Kli Yakar are diametrically opposed values and since Yaakov went out of his way to collect sundry items from the old camp, the Satan felt that now was the time to act. But Yaakov's belief in Hashem was too strong and the Satan gave up. But not one to give up easily, the Satan touched the socket of Yaakov's thigh (כף הירך) which is a hidden part of the body. This signifies that the Satan wanted to block Yaakov's access to the hidden parts of the Torah which can only be revealed to a privileged few.
Tuesday, November 13, 2007
ויצא-No More Mister Nice Guy
Lavan Ha'arami was greedy, a liar and a crook. He had no God, no code of ethics, no morals of any kind. His only God was money.
He hit the ground running, literally, when the Torah introduced him in Parshat חיי שרה. His mock hospitality towards Avraham Avinu's slave was only a device to get his hands on the treasures carried by the ten camels. In this week's parsha, we once again see the running man rushing to greet his guest in search of treasures. He even gives Yaakov a French kiss to see if maybe he has some jewels hidden in his mouth. This behavior is in sharp contrast to Avraham Avinu, who was also described as running to welcome strangers into his house upon whom he lavished a banquet at his own expense.
Lavan continues his crooked ways throughout the parsha, and cons Yaakov into working for 14 years to marry his daughters.
It is therefore surprising that Yaakov should say in chap. 31, 2 that Lavan's face had changed. No more mister nice guy. How much worse can it get? I would think that after 20 years of being systematically cheated and lied to in Lavan's house, a change could only be for the better.
Seforno comments that the change in face came about because Lavan and his family felt that Yaakov's windfall, his new wealth, was not his and that it belonged to Lavan. The Kli Yakar comments that Lavan did not change his face on account of Yaakov's new wealth-after all, Lavan remained a rich man in his own right. Lavan, per the Kli Yakar, was angry that he had been out-conned by Yaakov. Lavan had perfected his line of scams to the point that he felt that he could con anybody, but that nobody could con him. Lavan's sons were angry because they felt that Yaakov learned all of Lavan's tricks of the trade, and used that knowledge for his own personal gain.
He hit the ground running, literally, when the Torah introduced him in Parshat חיי שרה. His mock hospitality towards Avraham Avinu's slave was only a device to get his hands on the treasures carried by the ten camels. In this week's parsha, we once again see the running man rushing to greet his guest in search of treasures. He even gives Yaakov a French kiss to see if maybe he has some jewels hidden in his mouth. This behavior is in sharp contrast to Avraham Avinu, who was also described as running to welcome strangers into his house upon whom he lavished a banquet at his own expense.
Lavan continues his crooked ways throughout the parsha, and cons Yaakov into working for 14 years to marry his daughters.
It is therefore surprising that Yaakov should say in chap. 31, 2 that Lavan's face had changed. No more mister nice guy. How much worse can it get? I would think that after 20 years of being systematically cheated and lied to in Lavan's house, a change could only be for the better.
Seforno comments that the change in face came about because Lavan and his family felt that Yaakov's windfall, his new wealth, was not his and that it belonged to Lavan. The Kli Yakar comments that Lavan did not change his face on account of Yaakov's new wealth-after all, Lavan remained a rich man in his own right. Lavan, per the Kli Yakar, was angry that he had been out-conned by Yaakov. Lavan had perfected his line of scams to the point that he felt that he could con anybody, but that nobody could con him. Lavan's sons were angry because they felt that Yaakov learned all of Lavan's tricks of the trade, and used that knowledge for his own personal gain.
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